Geotechnical engineering and foundation engineering, its requirements and types

Geotechnical engineering is part of the civil engineering and deals with the study of the soil to know its various characteristics and composite structure for laying foundation for buildings or industrial projects. This type of study is important for the durability and sustainability of the structure.  Geotechnical study of soil is done before construction of dams, embankments, tunnels, anchors and all structure which directly interact with soil. The geotechnical information helps engineering to build safe buildings and structures. The information is gathered from soil testing, site visits and geological analyses of the land.

Foundation, on the other hand is the part of any building or structure that supports its weight and transmit the load to underlying soil. The purpose of the foundation study is to use the knowledge of the soil, rock, its mechanism and geology to the design and construction of the structure on it. The basic aim of the foundation engineering is to know the type of foundation, deep or shallow, will match the structure. Another vital related aim is to design is, the parameter of the foundation, like strengthen and weight handling capacity. A reliable foundation should keep the weight of the super structure under the bearing capacity of the soil. Foundation is also an interface between soil and structure on the soil

Requirements for strong and safe foundation –

The paramount aim Top ranked foundation engineering companies of any foundation is to give strength to the structure and keep the structure safe. The foundation can fulfill these two aim, when it itself is strong and safe. The safety of the foundation is ensured by preventing structure failure of the foundation and by preventing excess number of settlements. The depth of the foundation is given up to the point of no frequent and abundantly changes in moisture. This point, the level of foundation, must also have no loose soil under the foundation. The depth of the foundation must be more than level where seasonal changes occur due to freezing and thawing.

The new foundation must always be at an adequate distance from the existing structures, so that any digging and excavation does not affect the other building and structures.

Foundation types –

Shallow foundation, spread footing foundation , deep foundation , matt footing , strap footings , strip foundation , combined footing , rectangular footings  and  trapezoidal footings  are some of the types of foundations .

Before the construction of the foundation, the sampling of the soil must be carried out to know whether it has properties and parameters for the foundation. The engineer associated with the foundation Top geotechnical engineering companies project must visit the area of foundation, to know the drainage system and water table level and by observing the existing building, he or she can come to know the long term effect of soil on buildings. The load of the structure, type has to be kept in mind by foundation engineer before beginning the work for foundation.